NAPLAN can be stressful for students and parents, especially when it comes to Year 5 language conventions. Many students struggle with grammar, spelling, and punctuation, which can impact their confidence during prep.  

But don’t worry; we’re here to help. In this blog, we’ll provide a comprehensive guide to mastering key grammar concepts, from basic rules to verb tense transformations, helping students practice effectively ahead of their exams.

With a focus on common pitfalls and practical exercises, this detailed guide is aimed to empower students with the knowledge and skills needed to showcase their true potential in the NAPLAN exam. Since there’s a lot to cover, let’s begin! 

Understanding NAPLAN Language Conventions Exam

NAPLAN (National Assessment Program - Literacy and Numeracy) is a set of tests for students in Australia, and the Language Conventions section is a big part of it. This section tests key skills in grammar, spelling, and punctuation—essential for effective communication.

Good grammar and punctuation are the backbone of clear writing and are crucial for both academic success and future careers. They also improve reading comprehension by helping readers easily understand the writer’s message.

The Language Conventions section includes several types of questions to test students' understanding:

• Multiple-Choice Questions: Choose the correct word or punctuation to complete a sentence.

• Text Entry: Write the correct spelling or grammar in a given sentence.

• Technology-Enhanced: Interactive questions (like drag-and-drop exercises) to engage students.

• Identifying Errors: Find and correct mistakes in sentences.

These question types test students' grasp of standard Australian English and prepare them for future communication challenges.

Let’s take a closer look at this and understand the main grammar concepts that students need to know. 

Key Grammar Concepts to Practice

Mastering grammar is essential for clear communication. Once the child gets the basics down, they’ll write more confidently and avoid common mistakes. Let’s explore some key grammar concepts that will sharpen their writing.

Parts of Speech: The Building Blocks of Language

Understanding parts of speech helps you build sentences correctly. Here’s a quick overview:

• Pronouns: These replace nouns to avoid repetition. For example, in “Sam lost his book,” if the pronoun is removed, it’ll become “Sam lost Sam’s book”; hence ‘his’ replaces ‘Sam’s’ making the sentence easier to read. Children can practice with possessive pronouns like ‘mine’ or reflexive ones like ‘himself’ to master them.

• Modal Verbs: Words like ‘can,’ ‘might,’ and ‘should’ express ability, possibility, or obligation. For example, “She can swim” (ability) and “You should do your homework” (obligation).

Sentence Structure: Key Components for Clear Writing

Mastering sentence structure is crucial for clarity. Here are the main components:

• Nouns: Every sentence needs a noun. Students should know the difference between proper nouns (e.g., “Mum”), common nouns (e.g., “compost heap”), concrete nouns (e.g., “apple”), and abstract nouns (e.g., “happiness”).

• Adjectives vs. Adverbs: Adjectives modify nouns (e.g., "The quick dog"), while adverbs modify verbs (e.g., "The dog ran quickly").

• Prepositions: These show relationships. For example, “The book is on the shelf” shows location.

• Homophones: Words like ‘their,’ ‘there,’ and ‘they’re’ sound the same but have different meanings. Get these right to avoid mistakes.

Crafting Complex Sentences

Understanding independent and dependent clauses is key to writing complex sentences:

• Independent clauses can stand alone (e.g., “She went to the store”).

• Dependent clauses need an independent clause to make sense (e.g., “...because she needed milk”).

• In “My uncle, who owns a farm, visited us,” the phrase “who owns a farm” is a dependent clause.

Mastering these grammar concepts will help kids communicate more clearly and effectively, whether in essays or everyday conversations.

Let’s move ahead and look at the other aspect of NAPLAN language conventions, i.e., punctuation. 

Punctuation Mastery

Punctuation marks are essential for making the writing clear and easy to follow. Let's break down the key functions of commas and apostrophes.

Commas: Key Roles in Writing

• Separating items in a list: Commas separate elements in a list, ensuring clarity. For example, in “I bought apples, bananas, and oranges.” commas tell us where each item begins and ends. The Oxford comma before ‘and’ is optional, though its usage varies by style guide, with less frequent use in Australian English.

• Separating clauses: Commas also separate clauses to keep sentences clear. In “Having finished, the teacher quickly gathered all of her equipment.” the comma after ‘finished’ sets apart the introductory clause, making the sentence easier to follow.

• Avoiding confusion: Commas can change the meaning of a sentence entirely. For example, “Let’s eat, Grandma!” invites her to dinner, while “Let’s eat Grandma!” suggests something much more alarming!

Apostrophes: Possession and Contractions

• Showing possession: Apostrophes indicate ownership. For singular nouns, add ‘s’ (e.g., “Pam’s dogs”), and for plural possessive nouns, add just an apostrophe after the ‘s’ (e.g., “the teachers’ lounge”).

• Creating contractions: Apostrophes also shorten words. For instance, “do not” becomes “don’t”, making the writing more casual and easier to read.

Since we’re already discussing the role of apostrophes, let’s dive deeper into it. 

Using Possessive Apostrophes

Mastering possessive apostrophes is essential for clear writing. Here's a quick breakdown of the rules for using apostrophes to show possession.

• Singular Possession

For singular nouns, simply add an apostrophe and ‘s’ to indicate ownership. This is straightforward: “Mary’s books” or “the cat’s toy” show that Mary owns the books and the cat owns the toy. It’s a simple rule that works for most cases.

• Plural Possession

When the noun is plural, the rule changes. If the plural noun ends in ‘s’, just add an apostrophe after the ‘s’. For example, “the boys’ bikes” shows that the bikes belong to the boys. For irregular plurals like “children”, add ‘s’ to form the possessive: “the children’s playground”.

• Common Mistakes to Watch Out For

A common mistake is incorrect apostrophe placement. For example, “Pams dog’s” should be “Pam’s dogs” to show ownership. Another mistake is using the wrong form for irregular plurals, like “child’s” instead of “children’s”. Being careful with apostrophe placement avoids confusion.

• Names Ending in ‘s’

When a name ends in ‘s’, whether you add another ‘s’ or just an apostrophe depends on pronunciation or style preferences. For example, “Thomas’s job” is fine if you pronounce the extra ‘s’, but “Jesus’ teachings” is commonly written without it, even though it’s pronounced the same.

• Complex Possessives

For phrases that show nested possession, like “The company’s decision”, the apostrophe after ‘company’ indicates that the decision belongs to the company. This type of construction shows possession within a larger context and needs careful attention.

• Possessives vs. Contractions

Don’t confuse possessive apostrophes with contractions. “It’s” is a contraction for “it is” or “it has”, while “its” shows possession. This is a common mix-up, but understanding the difference clears up the confusion.

To master these rules, practising with exercises is key. For instance, answering questions like “Who owns the bikes?” with “the boys” leads to “the boys’ bikes”. Using real-life examples, like “my friend’s car” or “the family’s house”, helps reinforce the rules in a practical way.

Since contractions can be easily confused in punctuation, let’s take a closer look at the usage of contractions. 

Understanding and Using Contractions

Contractions quickly shorten words by dropping letters and using an apostrophe to fill the gap. They make speech and writing feel more natural, but they’re usually reserved for informal settings.

• What are Contractions, and Why Use them?

Contractions combine words to make communication faster and smoother. For example, “it is” becomes “it’s”, and “do not” becomes “don’t”. The apostrophe marks the missing letters, but the meaning stays the same.

• How to Create Contractions

To form a contraction, drop letters and replace them with an apostrophe. For instance, “she is” becomes “she’s”. It’s important to note that contractions show missing letters, not possession—“it’s” (it is) is different from “its” (possessive). Practice by changing full sentences: “She is my sister” becomes “She’s my sister”.

• Common Contractions and Punctuation

Contractions like “I’m” (I am) or “you’ve” (you have) are common in everyday language. Negative contractions like “don’t” (do not) and “can’t” (cannot) are also widely used. However, avoid contractions in formal writing to maintain a more professional tone.

Context can clarify confusing contractions. For example, “he’d” can mean “he had” or “he would”, depending on the context.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Watch out for missing apostrophes, like “dont” instead of “don’t”, or confusing “its” (possessive) with “it’s” (it is). Following the basic rules will help avoid these errors.

All right, let’s move ahead and solve the mystery of question marks. 

Practicing Question Marks

Question marks are key for clear communication. They go at the end of direct questions, like “Do you know where my shoes are?” They’re also used for rhetorical questions, which are asked for effect, not answers, like “How dare you?”

• Crafting Questions

In informal writing, you can turn statements into questions with a question mark, like “Sammy will be there by noon?”. They can also show uncertainty, like “Armenis Cunningham was born in 1325 (?)”.

 

However, indirect questions, like “He asked if I was hungry”, don’t need a question mark.

• Quoting Questions & Emphasis

When quoting a question, the question mark stays inside the quotation marks, like “When Dad asked Li, ‘How was school?’”. In casual writing, you might use multiple question marks for emphasis, like “Do you know how much this costs??”. A question mark in parentheses shows uncertainty, like “He was born in 1550 (1552?)”.

Practice

You can have kids practice by spotting where question marks are needed. For example, “How amazing to see a comet” needs one if rephrased as a question: “How amazing is it to see a comet?”

 

Try this:

Which is correct?

1. a) “Do you know where my shoes are”;

2. b) “Do you know where my shoes are.”;

3. c) “Do you know where my shoes are?”

The correct answer is c. Activities like these help reinforce the correct use of question marks.

Next up are verbs and tenses. Let’s take a deep dive into them.

Verbs and Tense Usage

Verbs show what’s happening and when. Understanding past, present, and future tenses helps kids write clearly, especially in Year 5 NAPLAN.

Past, Present, and Future Tenses

• Past Tense describes actions that have already happened, like “I walked to school”.

• Present Tense is for actions happening now, like “I am walking to school”.

• Future Tense talks about what will happen, like “I will walk to school.”

Identifying Verbs in Tenses

Spotting verbs and their tenses helps clarify the order of events. For example, “Dad said, ‘It’s time for bed’” shows past tense “said” and present tense “is”.

Verb Tense Practice

Transform sentences to different tenses: “I walk to school”, becomes “I walked to school” (past), and “I will walk to school” (future). Practising consistency, like changing “I see my friend” to “I saw my friend,” ensures proper tense use.

Regular vs. Irregular Verbs

Regular verbs add -ed (e.g., “walked”), while irregular ones change entirely (e.g., “go” to “went”). In the present, use “I am walking” (continuous) or “I walk” (simple). For future actions, use “will” or “going to”.

Practice

Fill in blanks or correct tense mistakes (e.g., “Yesterday, I go to the park” → “Yesterday, I went to the park”). Using time words like “yesterday,” “today,” and “tomorrow” helps choose the right tense.

Conclusion

There you have it—a comprehensive guide to the essential grammar and punctuation skills your students will need to master for the Year 5 NAPLAN Language Conventions test. While the rules may seem complex at first, with regular practice and focused attention, your students will soon develop confidence in using correct grammar and punctuation. From understanding verb tenses to using commas, apostrophes, and question marks effectively, these foundational skills are key to improving their writing clarity and communication.

As educators and parents, it’s important to remember that consistent practice and engaging exercises are essential for reinforcing these concepts. With patience and the right strategies, students will not only perform better in NAPLAN but also develop stronger writing habits that will serve them well throughout their education.

To make learning even more enjoyable and effective, consider incorporating the FunFox Program into your child’s study routine. This innovative program uses interactive games and fun exercises to help students grasp important language skills in a more engaging and less stressful way. With FunFox, learning becomes a rewarding experience, helping students build both their knowledge and their confidence. Book a free trial with us today!